Talker variability in speech processing books

The effects of talker variability on visual speech perception were tested by having subjects speechread. The effects of talker variability on phonetic accommodation molly babel and grant mcguire university of british columbia and university of california, santa cruz molly. A central question is how listeners adjust to these talker or dialectspecific changes in speech. This restriction of the familiar talker advantage is attributed to differences in the representation of highly familiar and less familiar lexical items.

High variability phonetic training as a bridge from. Talkers with hd symptoms produced these modifications significantly less compared to talkers with ld symptoms. Lexical and talker effects on word recognition among. Yet little is known about developmental changes in the processing of talker information. Speech processing can be cognitively demanding, especially when the acoustics of incoming speech signals are highly variable 1.

Acoustic variability in spontaneous conversational speech. Speechlanguagehearing sciences research labs speech production, acoustics and perception laboratory selected publications selected publications speech production whalen, d. The current study examined the effects of talker variability and lexical difficulty on spokenword recognition among four groups of listeners. In each experiment, listeners were trained to learn a set of 10 talkers voices and were then given an intelligibility test to assess the influence of learning the voices on the processing of the linguistic content of speech.

Effects of talker variability on recall of spoken word lists. The process starts in the upper left as a message repre. The effect of talker variability on word recognition in. Great books for toddlers with speech language delays with therapy activities. Talker variability in speech influences language processing from infancy through adulthood and is inextricably embedded in the very cues that identify speech sounds. A radical departure from traditional approaches to speech processing, this text will strike a major chord for those surrounded by the dissonance of speech perception and language processing issues. However, within talker phonetic variation across different utterances is another, relatively unexplored source of variability in speech, and it is unknown how processing costs. When listening to speech in energetic masking speech shaped noise, listeners with both hd and ld symptoms benefited less from the cs produced by hd talkers. The results suggest that listeners encode and use acousticphonetic variability in speech to reliably perceive the dialect of unfamiliar talkers. What is the mechanism by which talker variability interacts with modality. Implicit effects of regional cues on the interpretation of intonation by corsican french listeners. Goldinger on the nature of perceptual adjustments to voice john w. The point of the book is that when you consider the range of.

Talkerspecific learning in speech perception springerlink. A more comprehensive treatment will appear in the forthcoming book, theory and application of digital speech processing 101. The essays cover a range of topics including categorization, acoustic variability and invariance, underspecification, talker specificity and machine learning, focusing on the acoustics, perception, acquisition and neural representation of speech. Impact of talker adaptation on speech processing and. Children were familiarized with the voices of three germanenglish bilingual talkers and were tested on the speech of six bilinguals, three of whom were familiar. Effects of talker, rate, and amplitude variation on recognition memory for spoken words. On the nature of talker variability effects on recall of spoken word lists stephen d. Speech processing speech is the most natural form of humanhuman communications. This study investigated the encoding of the surface form of spoken words using a continuous recognition memory task. The general orientation of this research regards the inherent variability in the speech signal due to different talker and other instancespecific. On the nature of talker variability effects on recall of. These books are made freely available by their respective authors and publishers. For example, talkers have been shown to vary their speech. Results revealed that children do show improved spoken language processing when they are familiar with the talkers, but this improvement was limited to highly familiar lexical items.

The acoustic cues to consonants and vowels vary as a function of phonetic. It is unknown how processing costs from within talker variation compare to those from between talker variation, and how these different effects scale and interact 5, 10. Speech is related to human physiological capability. Phonetic variability in speech perception and the phonological deficit in dyslexia. Variability and central tendencies in speech production. Speech processing was faster for single talkers than mixed talkers, and connected speech reduced the additional processing costs associated with mixed talker speech. The course is intended to provide students with a detailed overview of speech perception and the technology used to investigate human speech processes. In this research, the authors examined the effect of intonation and talker variability here. Orthogonal interference of indexical variability was greatest in the nocarrier condition, less in the shortcarrier condition, and least in the longcarrier condition. The effects of perceptual learning of talker identity on the recognition of spoken words and sentences were investigated in three experiments. The human auditory system perceptually adapts to speech characteristics of a talker i. This study indicates that listeners phonology and lexicon become tuned to the indexical properties of the talker at the moment of speech processing and, as a result, exert biases on the perception of subsequent speech.

Browse the amazon editors picks for the best books of 2019, featuring our. Preschoolers easily learned distinct talkers, and a few preschoolers encoded similarsounding voices readily. The results of experiment 2 also support the proposal that talker variability decreases the word recognition performance of younger children more than it does older children. If you see a used one for sale definitely snap it up. Speech is also related to sound and acoustics, a branch of physical science. The results from a series of experiments using perceptual identification a. Pdf phonetic variability in speech perception and the. Talker variability in speech processing guide books. Talker variability in audiovisual speech perception. We are pleased to welcome you all to herrsching am ammersee. Effect of talker variability on speech perception by elderly people in reverberation. Jan 20, 2003 keith johnson is professor of linguistics at ohio state university. While talker normalization accounts have suggested that slowing due to talker variability is a consequence of using talker vocal characteristics to calibrate phoneme processing in the context of new talker, it has also been suggested that listeners also need to identify talkers for more than just reducing phonetic uncertainty. The point of the book is that when you consider the range of variation in spoken language exhibited by different talkers, then your theory of speech perception or your strategy in automatic speech recognition has.

Alright, now that im done underlining text, heres a list of my top 10 favorite books series right now for babies and toddlers in no particular order. He has published articles on speech perception, acoustic and articulatory phonetics, and psycholinguistics. Effects of type, token, and talker variability in speech. Traininginduced brain activation and functional connectivity. The effects of talker variability on visual speech perception were tested by having subjects speechread sentences from either single talker or mixed talker sentence lists. In their classic introduction to speech science, denes and pinson aptly referred to this process as the speech chain 29. For example, late talkers are significantly associated with being male, having a lower socioeconomic status, and having attention problems.

Just as experience with an individual talker leads to improved perceptual processing of that talker s speech, prior experience and familiarity with a given dialect should also lead to improved categorization of that dialect. This study provides statistics on selected segmental and suprasegmental acoustic parameters from measures made on spontaneous conversational telephone speech from 160 speakers in the switchboard corpus. Sources of variability in speech, whether from phonetic context, spoken stress, or talker variations, have typically been. However, the beneficial effect of connected speech in the mixed talker condition was significantly attenuated under both anodal and cathodal stimulation versus sham. Talker variability in speech processing by johnson, keith, 1958. This morning a mom who read my first sessions toy list asked me if i would send her a list just like that for my favorite books to use with toddlers during those first few speech therapy sessions. Speech perception psy 719 sawusch f2011 university at buffalo. Noninvasive neurostimulation of left temporal lobe. Sex differences in persuadability for human and computersynthesized speech.

Results revealed that changes in talker from trial to trial decreased speechreading performance. The effects of talker voice and accent on young childrens. Talker familiarity and spoken word recognition in school. Despite this variability, listeners normally adapt to these differences quickly, affording rapid and successful processi ng of the speech of various talkers. Listeners expect two serially presented words to be spoken by the same speaker and to be linguistically related. The current findings suggest that high talker variability in training procedure may enhance the neural efficiency in these brain areas and strengthen the cooperation between them. Keywords dialect categorization, indexical properties, perceptual learning, speech perception, talker variability. This is a volume of papers that i edited with john mullennix. They cover theories of perception and cognition, issues in clinical speech pathology, and the practical concerns of speech technology. In ieee international conference on acoustics, speech, and signal processing icassp pp. In experiment 3, we sought converging evidence for this idea by examining the effects of talker variability on naming latency in 4 and 5yearolds and m adults. Search the worlds most comprehensive index of fulltext books.

Top 10 books that encourage language development for. Key features explores talker variability, one of the central problems in automatic computer speech. Other research in singletalker contexts have shown, however, that when listeners are able to see a talkers face, speech recognition is. Talker variability refers to speaker differences in delivering the same linguistic information.

The specificity of perceptual learning in speech processing. Possible hypotheses regarding the nature of the processes giving rise to these effects are discussed, with particular attention to the idea that the processing of information about the talkers voice is intimately related to early perceptual processes that extract acousticphonetic information from the speech signal. Improved talker voice processing by the bilingual children suggests that a bilingual advantage exists in a social aspect of speech perception, where the focus is not on processing the linguistic information in the signal, but instead on processing information about who is talking. Differences in talker recognition by preschoolers and adults. Some effects of talker variability on spoken word recognition. Evidence suggests that word recognition depends on numerous talker, listener, and stimulusrelated characteristics. The effects of talker voice and accent on young childrens speech perception. The pga argues that isr performance reflects, for the most part, processing sensitivities inherent in the acoustic perceptual and articulatory systems. This not only involves knowledge about the linguistic structure of spoken language, but also knowledge about the way in which this linguistic. Effects of talker variability on speechreading springerlink. Spectrotemporal analysis of speech affected by depression and psychomotor retardation.

Talker information is not normalized in fluent speech. Impact of talker adaptation on speech processing and working. Speech buddies games can be used by students, parents, and speech language pathologists. The speech processing lexicon by aditi lahiri overdrive. Effect of talker variability on speech perception by. Preface welcome to the workshop on abstraction, diversity, and speech dynamics hosted by the institute of phonetics and speech processing of the ludwig maximilians university munich. Talker familiarity and spoken word recognition in schoolage. There are certain characteristics that late talkers share. Effects of talker, rate, and amplitude variation on. Publication date 1997 topics psycholinguistics, speech perception, automatic speech recognition, language and languages. The first chapters introduce basic acoustics, audition, signal processing, and the. Preschoolers and adults learned to map voices to characters. The results indicated that multitalker speech caused both l1 and l2.

Although our earlier research has demonstrated that talker variability affects perceptual processing, little research has studied the effects of talker variability on memory processes. Adults encoded similar talkers easily and better than preschoolers. Speaker variability strongly impacts human perception and technology performance, yet largescale, systematic studies of the acoustic characteristics involved are rarely undertaken. In contrast, lexical discriminability a signalindependent factor exerted a. The effects of talker variability on the acquisition of nonnative speech contrasts james s. Cognitive models of word recognition address variability by employing either episodic or talker. Some thoughts on normalization in speech perception. Specifically, we found that the effect of talker variability across items in a list a signaldependent factor was equivalent across native and nonnative listeners, and across younger and older listeners. This voicecontrolled speech therapy app is designed to help kids learn new sounds and words, and to practice speaking in a stimulating, educational environment. Highlights talker variability pervades the speech signal, but we know little about how its processing changes over development.

Effects of talker variability on perceptual learning of. When interpreting the speech of different tal kers, listeners encounter a large amount of variability, including differences in pitch, speaking rate, and regional or foreign accent. One type of variability that poses a common, yet difficult challe nge for listeners is the variability across talkers in regional and foreign accents. Examining talker effects in the perception of native and. Within the first few years of life, children acquire many of the building blocks of their native language. Such adaptation is known to facilitate rapid and accurate speech recognition 2, 3. You are licensed in your state or country to provide speech services as a speech language pathologist, speech language pathologist assistant, speech and language therapist, or other health professional.

The editors take on the difficult task of converting the mapping of speech patterns into mental representations. Our findings highlight that the brain processing of newly learned speech patterns is influenced by the given training approach. Jan 20, 2003 acoustic and auditory phonetics provides an accessible yet rigorous introduction to basic acoustics, audition, signal processing, and the acoustic theory of speech production. Phonetic variability across talkers imposes additional processing costs during speech perception, evident in performance decrements for mixed vs. Key features explores talker variability, one of the central problems in automatic computer speech recognition. Unique in its approach, talker variability in speech processing embraces the differences in speech patterns without treating them as unwanted variables.

The effect of talker and listener depressive symptoms on. Multitalker speech promotes greater knowledgebased spoken. Yamada atr human information processing laboratories, 22 hikaridai, seika, soraku. Digital speech processing lecture 1 introduction to digital speech processing 2 speech processing speech is the most natural form of humanhuman communications. Intonation and talker variability in the discrimination of. Psychology 719 explores the nature of human speech perception. Effects of talker variability on perceptual learning of dialects article in language and speech 47pt 3. Humans ability to understand speech is remarkable in that, despite large amounts of intertalker variability due to factors such as pitch, speech rate, and accents, we are usually able to understand what is being said quickly and with little conscious effort.

Analyzing the detection parameters, the subjectwise hit, miss and fa rates are shown in fig 2c. In addition, there was a trend toward increased activity in the premotor. The speech signal is characterized by extreme variability in its acoustic composition. Extrinsic talker normalization facilitates speech processing. The presence of talker variability has been evidenced by previous research to have impact on speech perception performance, and therefore, speech processing. The purpose was to compare and contrast three sources of stimulus variability talker, speaking rate, and overall amplitudeto determine the extent to which each source of variability is retained in episodic memory. Evidence from online processing of spoken words sarah c. A late talker is a toddler who experiences latelanguage emergence lle, a delay in language onset with no other diagnosed disabilities. One study conducted by craik and kirsner 1974 examined the effects of talker variability on recognition memory performance. Accounting for phonetic variability across talkers is a core challenge in speech perception. The purpose was to compare and contrast three sources of stimulus variabilitytalker, speaking rate, and overall amplitudeto determine the extent to which each source of variability is retained in episodic memory. Talker variability in speech processing book, 1997.

Such studies have revealed important constraints on perceptual learning in speech processing. Provides readers with an accessible yet rigorous introduction to phonetics and speech sciences. Possible hypotheses regarding the nature of the processes giving rise to these effects are discussed, with particular attention to the idea that the processing of information about the talker s voice is intimately related to early perceptual processes that extract acousticphonetic information from the speech. Extrinsic talker normalization facilitates speech perception. Great books for toddlers with speech language delays with.